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Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;133(3):300-301.

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Diagnosis: Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS)

Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome is a rare condition that is characterized by complete or near-complete obstruction of the upper airway in a fetus. Pathogenetic factors may include laryngeal atresia, laryngeal cysts, laryngeal or tracheal webs, and severe subglottic stenosis.¹ The syndrome is diagnosed in utero by ultrasound, with common findings including large, echogenic lungs; a flattened or inverted diaphragm; ascites or hydrops; and dilated airways distal to the obstruction. The findings of prenatal ultrasonography are frequently suggestive of, but not diagnostic for, CHAOS. In such cases, the condition may then be confirmed with the use of ultrafast fetal MRI.²

Recent advances in fetal MRI have reduced acquisition time to less than 1 second, essentially arresting fetal motion to allow the acquisition of high-quality images. These advances are of the utmost importance because fetal imaging is often used to guide treatment decisions. Coakley et al² recently studied the impact of . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;133(3):299.
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