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Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130:992-993.

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Diagnosis: Mycobacterium tuberculosis cervical lymphadenitis (scrofula) with left parotid gland involvement

The presentation of enlarging bilateral neck masses can be a diagnostic challenge and may require multiple biopsies. Mycobacterium tuberculosis cervical lymphadenitis is difficult to diagnose clinically because of the extensive list of differential diagnoses (eg, metastatic carcinoma, lymphoma, branchial cleft cyst, sarcoidosis, and infectious and inflammatory disease). If the results of a complete head and neck examination and a metastatic workup do not reveal a diagnosis, cervical TB should be considered. A history of exposure, a positive purified protein–derived tuberculin skin test result, and a chest x-ray with findings consistent with prior exposure are helpful in the preoperative evaluation. A high clinical suspicion for this entity is necessary.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis cervical lymphadenitis is the most common form of extrapulmonary TB.¹ Ninety-five percent of mycobacterial cervical infections are caused by M tuberculosis and the rest by non-TB mycobacteria (NTM). Nontuberculosis mycobacteria were formerly known as atypical mycobacteria, and approximately 50 . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130(8):990.
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