This Article  • Full text  • PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Citing articles on ISI (5)  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Related articles  • Similar articles in this journal  Topic Collections  • Facial Plastic Surgery  • Surgery  • Plastic Surgery  • Alert me on articles by topic

Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001;127:87-90.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

Hypothesis: For most patients, an endoscopic browlift is preferable to a traditional open approach.

BACKGROUND

Aging of the upper one third of the face is primarily the result of gravity and loss of elastic tissue support caused by collagen changes in the dermis. This leads to brow ptosis, which can give a crowded or angry appearance to the eye and brow complex. In addition to brow ptosis, the aging brow and forehead may display "hyperkinetic" or "dynamic" facial lines. These furrows are caused by the repeated pull on the skin of underlying facial mimetic muscles. Chronic upward contraction of the frontalis muscle leads to horizontal forehead creases. Repeated frowning overuses the procerus and corrugator supercilii muscles, which causes the development of horizontal creases at the root of the nose and vertical interbrow furrows, respectively.

Figure appears in full text version. R. James Koch, MD

Patients require varying combinations of brow elevation (prior to blepharoplasty), correction of brow . . . [Full Text of this Article]

PRO

CON

BOTTOM LINE

CONCLUSIONS

Corresponding author: R. James Koch, MD, Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, R-135, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5328 (e-mail: RJK@Stanford.edu).

RELATED ARTICLES

Endoscopic Browlift Is the Superior Method for Rejuvenation of the Forehead and Brow
Eugene L. Alford
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001;127(1):90-91.
EXTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Endoscopic Browlift, With Qualifications, Is Currently the Best Approach
Marcelo Hochman
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001;127(1):91-92.
EXTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Reader's Choice: Continuing Medical Education
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001;127(1):94.
FULL TEXT  

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Endoscopic Forehead-Lift Using a Bioabsorbable Fixation Device
Holzapfel and Mangat
Arch Facial Plast Surg 2004;6:389-393.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT