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Factors Influencing Tinnitus Loudness and Annoyance
Wolfgang Hiller, PhD;
Gerhard Goebel, MD
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;132:1323-1330.
Objective To evaluate the 2 major components of tinnitus severity, loudness and annoyance, and their degree of dependence on characteristics of tinnitus manifestation, history, and etiology.
Design Cross-sectional survey performed during the first months of 2004.
Setting Nonclinical population.
Participants A total of 4995 members of the German Tinnitus League.
Main Outcome Measures Comprehensive screening questionnaire, including the Klockhoff and Lindblom loudness grading system and the miniversion of the Tinnitus Questionnaire.
Results A moderate correlation of 0.45 was found between tinnitus loudness and annoyance. Both factors were generally higher in men, those older than 50 years, those with binaural and centrally perceived tinnitus, those with increased noise sensitivity, and those who had continuous tinnitus without interruptions. Tinnitus that lasted 12 months or less had a stronger influence on annoyance (odds ratio [OR], 1.96) than on loudness (OR, 0.45), whereas the contrary was found for tinnitus of more than 5 years' duration (ORs, 0.72 and 2.11, respectively). Loudness and annoyance were increased in subjects with coexisting hearing loss, vertigo, and hyperacusis. The impact of hyperacusis on annoyance was clearly stronger than on loudness (ORs, 21.91 vs 9.47).
Conclusions Several clinical factors of tinnitus influence perceived loudness and annoyance. Both are distinguishable components of tinnitus severity.
Author Affiliations: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Dr Hiller); and Roseneck Center of Behavioral Medicine, Prien, Germany (Dr Goebel).
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