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Expression of ICAM-1 in Nasal Epithelium and Levels of Soluble ICAM-1 in Nasal Lavage Fluid During Human Experimental Rhinovirus Infection
Birgit Winther, MD;
Eurico Arruda, MD, PhD;
Theodore J. Witek, DrPH;
Steven D. Marlin, PhD;
Michael M. Tsianco, PhD;
Donald J. Innes, MD;
Frederick G. Hayden, MD
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002;128:131-136.
Most rhinovirus serotypes use intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)
as the receptor to enter cells, but ICAM-1 expression has not been detected
on normal nasal epithelial cells. During experimental rhinovirus infection,
expression of ICAM-1 on nasal epithelial cells was examined with immunohistochemical
staining of nasal scrape biopsy specimens, and levels of soluble ICAM-1 in
nasal lavage fluid were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
technique. Expression of ICAM-1 on nasal epithelial cells increased following
inoculation in 20 of 23 infected subjects. The median number of ICAM-1–positive
cells per 6.25-mm2 area of stained biopsy specimen was 0 in control
samples (day 20 or 33 after inoculation), and in those without infection,
6 on day 1 (P .05), 14.5 on day 3 (P.01), 1.5 on day 5, and 0 on day 9. In a different group of volunteers,
soluble ICAM-1 in nasal lavage fluid was higher on days 1 and 3 compared with
preinoculation levels (P.001), but only 11 of
23 infected subjects had a 2-fold or greater increase. Up-regulation of ICAM-1
receptor expression on nasal epithelial cells occurred within 24 hours after
inoculation in experimental rhinovirus infections (prior to onset of symptoms)
and declined promptly by day 5.
From the Departments of Otolaryngology and Pediatrics (Dr Winther),
Internal Medicine (Drs Arruda and Hayden), and Pathology (Drs Arruda, Innes,
and Hayden), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; and
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Conn (Drs Witek, Marlin,
and Tsianco). Dr Arruda is now with the University of Sào Paulo School
of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Ribeirao
Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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