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An Anatomical Approach to Glabellar Rhytids
Michael R. Macdonald, MD;
Jeffrey H. Spiegel, MD;
Raymond B. Raven, MD;
Sheldon S. Kabaker, MD;
Corey S. Maas, MD
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1998;124:1315-1320.
Objective To identify surface landmarks that can serve as reference points to the underlying musculature in the treatment of glabellar rhytids.
Methods Fifty cadaver hemibrows were dissected to assess the location, disposition, and relationships of the brow muscles, along with their variations at each of several consistent locations. Particular attention was paid to the corrugator supercilii, frontal belly of the frontalis, and procerus muscles.
Conclusions The information gained here may be applied to the pharmacological or surgical treatment of glabellar rhytids. Knowledge of the frequent location of the muscles involved, relative to easily identifiable surface landmarks, allows a more precise approach.
From the Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Alameda County Medical Center, Oakland, Calif (Dr Macdonald); and Division of Head and Neck Surgery (Drs Spiegel and Raven), Aesthetic Facial Plastic Surgery Medical Clinic (Dr Kabaker), and Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Drs Kabaker and Maas), Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco.
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