Oxygenation and Blood Volume Changes in Flaps According to Near-Infrared Spectrophotometry
Richard E. Hayden, MD;
Michael A. Tavill, MD;
Shoko Nioka, MD, PhD;
Toshiyuki Kitai, MD;
Britton Chance, PhD
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996;122(12):1347-1351.
Abstract
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Objective
To test the ability of near-infrared spectrophotometry (NIRS) to predict vascular compromise in flaps postoperatively.
Design
Pilot study.
Subjects
Eleven denervated latissimus dorsi flaps were assessed in 8 pigs.
Interventions
Flaps were isolated on their vascular pedicle. We used NIRS to demonstrate tissue oxygen saturation and quantities of deoxygenated hemoglobin and oxygenated hemoglobin when flaps underwent venous or arterial occlusions. Oxygen saturation (percentage of oxygenated hemoglobin) was calculated as the difference between the 2 light intensities (860-750 nm) with the use of 2 time periods: preoperative (80%) oxygen saturation and during arterial occlusion (0%) oxygen saturation with NIRS. Blood volume changes within the flap were also measured.
Results
Arterial occlusion resulted in significant decreases in oxygen saturation and in blood volume with immediate recovery. Venous occlusion resulted in an initial rapid increase in blood volume with no appreciable early deoxygenation.
Conclusions
Near-infrared spectrophotometry appears promising as a noninvasive, low-cost, portable bedside monitor that can demonstrate in real time changes in blood volume and oxygen saturation within a flap at a variety of tissue depths.
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996;122:1347-1351
Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (Drs Hayden and Tavill) and Biochemistry and Biophysics (Drs Nioka, Kitai, and Chance), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia. Dr Hayden is now with the Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Philadelphia.
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