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Hideki Hirabayashi, MD; Satoshi Yasumura, MD; Wen-Chang Lin; Andrew Amoscato, PhD; Jonas T. Johnson, MD; Ronald B. Herberman, MD; Theresa L. Whiteside, PhD

Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121(3):285-292.

Abstract
Objective
To examine supernatants (SNs) of human squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck cell lines for soluble tumor-derived factors capable of inducing activation and proliferation of human immune cells.

Design
The SN of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck cell line PCI-50 was cultured in serum-free medium and tested for the ability to induce expression of activation antigens, proliferation, cytotoxicity against tumor cell targets and cytokine production by purified human natural killer (NK) and CD4⁺ T cells.

Results
Supernatant of PCI-50 promoted expression of the following activation markers on NK and T cells: CD25 (interleukin-2R-), HLA-DR (major histocompatibility complex class II), CD54 (ICAM-1), CD71 (transferrin receptor), and CD69 (activation-inducing molecule). In addition, SN induced and significantly sustained (P<.01) proliferation of human unseparated peripheral blood lymphocytes and NK or T cells in culture. Purified human NK or T cells cultured in the presence of the SN and IL-2 (120 IU/mL) had significantly higher antitumor cytotoxicity than that mediated by NK or T cells cultured in AIM-V medium and IL-2. The SN induced cytokine (interferon , tumor necrosis factor a, interleukin-6) production in purified NK or T cells. When the SN was fractionated by molecular weight-based filtration into fractions greater and less than 30 kd, the growth- and cytotoxicitypromoting activities were consistently detectable in the greater than 30-kd fraction.

Conclusions
Culture SN of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck cell lines contain a soluble factor(s) capable of activating NK and CD4⁺ T cells and of promoting growth and antitumor cytotoxicity of these lymphocyte subsets in vitro.

(Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:285-292)

Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Otolaryngology (Drs Hirabayashi, Johnson, and Whiteside), Pathology (Drs Yasumura, Lin, Herberman, and Whiteside) and Medicine (Dr Herberman), University of Pittsburgh (Pa) School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (Drs Hirabayashi, Yasumura, Lin, Amoscato, Johnson, Herberman, and Whiteside); and Pittsburgh Eye and Ear Institute (Drs Hirabayashi and Johnson).

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