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Amelia F. Drake, MD; Kathleen Makielski, MD; Connie McDonald-Bell, MS; Barbara Atcheson, PhD

Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121(12):1417-1420.

Abstract
We reviewed cases of early childhood hoarseness caused by vocal nodules and functional hearing loss as being possible manifestations of child abuse. This is a retrospective review set in two urban referral centers. The patients consisted of four children with vocal nodules and known histories of abuse, and four children with functional hearing loss and histories suggestive of abuse. Vocal nodules or functional hearing loss may be indicators of an abusive situation. Child abuse should be considered in the differential diagnosis of these problems.

(Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:1417-1420)

Author Affiliations
From the Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Dr Drake and Ms McDonald-Bell) and the Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (Drs Makielski and Atcheson).

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