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Joram Raveh, MD, DMD; Kurt Laedrach, MD, DMD; Thiery Vuillemin, MD, DMD; Markus Zingg, MD, DMD

Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1992;118(6):605-614.

Abstract
• In regard to the multiple problems of reconstruction concerning this fracture pattern, we developed various methods to achieve optimal results. As various vital regions, apart from the nasoethmoidal fractures and aesthetics, are involved, the proposed classification has direct implication for the surgical procedure. Even in intracranial fragment dislocations, cerebral contusion, and elevated intracranial pressure, the subcranial approach, in contrast with the transfrontal access, enables early definitive management of the skull base and the external facial frame in a one-stage procedure. Another method, the symmetrical centripetal compression of the canthal ligaments and naso-orbital bone fragments, enables correct reduction of the telecanthus. The significant reduction of morbidity and complication rate to a minimum confirms the efficiency of our treatment modalities.

(Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1992;118:605-614)

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University of Bern (Switzerland).

Footnotes
Accepted for publication December 21, 1991.

Presented at the American Association of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Fall Meeting, Kansas City, Mo, September 28, 1991.

Reprint requests to Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Clinic of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland (Dr Raveh).

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